RT Book, Section A1 Brignardello-Petersen, Romina A1 Ioannidis, John P. A. A1 Tomlinson, George A1 Guyatt, Gordon A2 Guyatt, Gordon A2 Rennie, Drummond A2 Meade, Maureen O. A2 Cook, Deborah J. SR Print(0) ID 1183875951 T1 Surprising Results of Randomized Trials T2 Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: A Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice, 3rd ed YR 2015 FD 2015 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-179071-0 LK jamaevidence.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1183875951 RD 2024/03/28 AB Ideally, evidence for the effectiveness of diagnostic, preventive, or therapeutic interventions will come from rigorous randomized clinical trials (RCTs) measuring effects on patient-important outcomes, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. Whenever an intervention is tested to see whether it is effective for patient-important outcomes, typically some other evidence of variable quantity and quality already exists. This evidence includes combinations of basic science findings, preclinical results, observational studies, and phase 1 or 2 clinical trials.